¿Qué son las retenciones y cómo afectan a su empresa?

When it comes to taxes and fiscal obligations, one of the most common terms that comes up is withholding. This mechanism plays a key role in business management and financial planning for both independent professionals and companies. Understanding how it works will help you keep better control of your obligations and avoid issues with tax authorities.

Definition of Withholding

In simple terms, withholding is the portion of income that is deducted in advance to ensure compliance with tax obligations. In other words, when someone receives income—whether it’s a salary, invoice payment, or dividend—a part of that money does not go directly to the recipient’s pocket. Instead, it is immediately transferred to the tax administration as an advance payment toward future taxes.

This system effectively turns the payer into a collector: the one who pays the salary, invoice, or interest is responsible for withholding a percentage and sending it to the tax authority on behalf of the recipient.
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Purpose of Withholding

The main goal is to ensure that taxes are collected on time and to reduce the risk of non-payment. In addition:

• It provides the tax authority with resources in advance.
• It requires companies and professionals to stay more organized with their accounting.
• It functions as a prepayment of taxes, which can be offset against the final amount owed in the annual tax return.

Main Types of Withholding

Depending on the source of income, withholding may take different forms. The most common include:

• Employee salaries: a percentage is deducted from each paycheck according to tax tables established by law.
• Professional services: when a freelancer issues an invoice, the client withholds a percentage and pays it to the tax authority.
• Rental income: tenants of commercial properties must withhold and transfer a portion of the rent to the tax office.
• Dividends and interest: companies paying out profits or financial yields must deduct a percentage before giving the money to shareholders or creditors.

Who Is Required to Withhold?

The responsibility always lies with the payer of the income. If you are a company, professional, or entrepreneur paying salaries or hiring services, you must ensure that the correct withholding is applied and reported within the legal deadlines.

A key point: mistakes in withholding are the payer’s responsibility—not the issuer’s. This means that if you receive an invoice without the correct withholding, it’s up to you to request a correction so you don’t face penalties later on.

Exceptions and Special Rates

Not all transactions are subject to withholding. There are exceptions and cases where reduced rates apply. For example:

• Newly established professionals may apply a lower withholding rate during their first years of activity.
• Certain types of income are exempt, provided they meet legal requirements.

In such cases, it’s advisable to request a certificate that justifies the exemption so you have proof in case of a tax audit.

Economic Impact of Withholding

While it may seem like you earn less when receiving a paycheck or an invoice with withholding, the effect is actually neutral:

• The payer deducts a portion and sends it to the tax authority.
• The recipient receives less upfront but reconciles it in the annual tax return—either reducing the amount due or getting a refund if too much was withheld.

In other words, withholding is a tax advance, not an extra cost.
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Reporting and Tax Forms

Withheld amounts do not stay in the company’s books—they must be declared. Depending on the type of income, specific forms must be filed and paid within legal deadlines. While the names of the forms vary by country, the principle is the same: reporting what was withheld and ensuring the funds reach the tax authority.

Withholding and Business Management

For entrepreneurs and companies expanding to markets like the United States, understanding this system is essential. Poor management of withholdings can lead to penalties, tax adjustments, and loss of credibility with tax authorities.

That’s why it’s not only important to know the theory but also to implement proper internal processes and rely on professionals who can ensure full compliance.

FAQs About Withholding

Are withholdings an additional tax?
No. They are an advance payment of the final tax due in your annual return.

What happens if I don’t withhold correctly?
The payer is responsible and may face penalties and repayment of omitted amounts.

Are companies also subject to withholding?
It depends on the type of transaction. Generally, it applies to payments to individuals, although certain dividends and yields are also subject to withholding.

When do I recover the withheld money?
At the time of filing your annual return. The withheld amounts are credited against the total tax due, or refunded if you overpaid.

Dé el siguiente paso con Openbiz

If you’re considering expanding your business or starting a company in the United States, understanding withholdings is just one piece of the tax puzzle. At Openbiz, we guide you through the entire process of company formation and handle administrative and tax management so you can stay compliant without complications.

Contact us today and take the step toward professional and secure business management in the U.S.

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